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A Persian poet and mystic of Zoroastrian ascendance, Hallaj, who was martyred in 922/309 of the Hegira, was first noticed for his talents in the ancient and brilliant Sufi school in Baghdad. He then began a career as a wandering prophet through Persia and as far as India, preaching his concept of liberating freedom which he named the "religion of the Truth" (a quote from the Koran). What Hallaj meant by this was a return to the essence of the Revelation from which Judaism, Christianity and Islam emerged, but his doctrine advocated going beyond common religion and legalism by discovering the sovereignty of love. The aim of Hallaj's spirituality is the complete "realisation of the self" (tahaqquq) in the mirror of a purified conscience, transformed in God. We also discover remarkable echoes of the Gospels, and a few traces of Manichean gnosis (that strange Persian branch of Christianity!) in this superb collection which has moved and fascinated generations of Sufis, enchanted by the fervour of the courageous mystic. Hallaj converted hundreds of people to his doctrine of awakening to the "holy light" before being arrested, imprisoned in Baghdad and crucified as a heretic. Hallaj represents the great voice of Sufi intellectuals, those "Gnostics of Islam" who, inspired by the mystical hermeneutics of the Koran, stood against conformism and religious secularization. There is an obvious messianic content in the "Message of Hallaj the Expatriate" which, through the Koran, also leads us to the living sources of Judeo-Christianity, the first ideological cradle of Islam. The cult of love he vows to the God-Light in his psalms reveals the quality and the density of his spiritual experience, beyond all theological formalism.
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